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Letter from Birmingham Jail
The Letter from Birmingham Jail (also known as "Letter from Birmingham City Jail" and "The Negro Is Your Brother") is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King, Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws, and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts. Responding to being referred to as an "outsider", he wrote, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere“.
The letter was widely published and became an important text for the American Civil Rights Movement of the early 1960s.
== Background ==
The Birmingham Campaign began on April 3, 1963, with coordinated marches and sit-ins against racism and racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. The nonviolent campaign was coordinated by the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference. On April 10, Circuit Judge W. A. Jenkins issued a blanket injunction against "parading, demonstrating, boycotting, trespassing and picketing". Leaders of the campaign announced they would disobey the ruling.〔"Negroes To Defy Ban", ''(Tuscaloosa News )'', 11 April 1963.〕 On April 12, King was roughly arrested with SCLC activist Ralph Abernathy, ACMHR and SCLC official Fred Shuttlesworth, and other marchers while thousands of African Americans dressed for Good Friday looked on.〔Rieder, ''Gospel of Freedom'' (2013), ch. "Meet Me in Galilee".〕
King met with unusually harsh conditions in the Birmingham jail.〔Rieder, ''Gospel of Freedom'' (2013), ch. "Meet Me in Galilee". "King was placed alone in a dark cell, with no mattress, and denied a phone call. Was Connor's aim, as some thought, to break him?"〕 An ally smuggled in a newspaper from April 12, which contained "A Call for Unity": a statement made by eight white Alabama clergymen against King and his methods.〔 The letter provoked King, and he began to write a response on the newspaper itself. King writes in ''Why We Can't Wait'': “Begun on the margins of the newspaper in which the statement appeared while I was in jail, the letter was continued on scraps of writing paper supplied by a friendly black trusty, and concluded on a pad my attorneys were eventually permitted to leave me.”〔King (1964), ''Why We Can't Wait'', p. 64〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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